As of 2011 [update], 49.4% of Illinois's population younger than age1 were minorities (Note: Children born to white Hispanics or to a sole full or partial minority parent are counted as minorities). [93] As of 2007, wind energy represented only 1.7% of Illinois's energy production, and it was estimated that wind power could provide 5–10% of the state's energy needs. [140] [141] Also, the Illinois General Assembly mandated in 2007 that by 2025, 25% of all electricity generated in Illinois is to come from renewable resources. [142] Biofuels

Stebbins, Samuel. "How much gas tax adds to cost of filling up your car in every state". usatoday. 24/7 Wall Street. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019 . Retrieved March 31, 2019. The Chicago Sky have played in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) since 2006. The Sky won their first WNBA Championship in 2021. They play at Wintrust Arena in Chicago.Moseley Braun, Carol". History, Art & Archives. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020 . Retrieved October 6, 2020.

Chicago Fire FC is a member of MLS and has been one of the league's most successful and best-supported clubs since its founding in 1997, winning one league and four Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cups in that timespan. The team played in Bridgeview, adjacent to Chicago from 2006 to 2019. The team now plays at Soldier Field in Chicago. Working, Russell (November 8, 2004). "Illinois a blue island in red sea". Chicago Tribune. pp. 1-1, 1-15– via Newspapers.com. For a more comprehensive list, see List of professional sports teams in Illinois. Soldier Field, Chicago Major league sportsMark McGuire Commentary (June 12, 2010). "Long look at Top 10 title droughts". Times Union. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011 . Retrieved February 7, 2011. Works Progress Administration (1983) [1939]. The WPA guide to Illinois: the Federal Writers' Project guide to 1930s Illinois. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-394-72195-8. OCLC 239788752.

A number of other cytokines may be grouped with IL6 on the basis of sequence similarity. [20] [21] [22] These include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and myelomonocytic growth factor (MGF). GCSF acts in hematopoiesis by affecting the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell groups in the blood. [22] MGF also acts in hematopoiesis, stimulating proliferation and colony formation of normal and transformed avian cells of the myeloid lineage. The name "interleukin" was chosen in 1979, to replace the various different names used by different research groups to designate interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor, mitogenic protein, T-cell replacing factor III, B-cell activating factor, B-cell differentiation factor, and "Heidikine") and interleukin 2 (TSF, etc.). This decision was taken during the Second International Lymphokine Workshop in Switzerland (27-31 May 1979 in Ermatingen). [3] [4] [5]The function of the immune system primarily depends on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cells. Also, the state has hosted 13 editions of the U.S. Open (latest at Olympia Fields in 2003), six editions of the PGA Championship (latest at Medinah in 2006), three editions of the U.S. Women's Open (latest at The Merit Club), the 2009 Solheim Cup (at Rich Harvest Farms), and the 2012 Ryder Cup (at Medinah). Illinois is ranked second in corn production among U.S. states, and Illinois corn is used to produce 40% of the ethanol consumed in the United States. [122] The Archer Daniels Midland corporation in Decatur, Illinois, is the world's leading producer of ethanol from corn. Most Expensive Toll Roads in the United States". ezfreightfactoring.com. EZ Freight Factoring. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019 . Retrieved March 31, 2019. Illinois Wind Activities". EERE. U.S. Department of Energy. October 20, 2009. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010 . Retrieved January 14, 2010.

Snow, Dean (2010). Archaeology of Native North Americas. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp.201–203. Illinois has a climate that varies widely throughout the year. Because of its nearly 400-mile distance between its northernmost and southernmost extremes, as well as its mid-continental situation, most of Illinois has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa), with hot, humid summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state, from about Carbondale southward, has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa), with more moderate winters. Average yearly precipitation for Illinois varies from just over 48in (1,219mm) at the southern tip to around 35in (889mm) in the northern portion of the state. Normal annual snowfall exceeds 38in (965mm) in the Chicago area, while the southern portion of the state normally receives less than 14in (356mm). [66] The all-time high temperature was 117°F (47°C), recorded on July 14, 1954, at East St. Louis, and the all-time low temperature was −38°F (−39°C), recorded on January 31, 2019, during the January 2019 North American cold wave at a weather station near Mount Carroll, [67] [68] and confirmed on March 5, 2019. [69] This followed the previous record of −36°F (−38°C) recorded on January 5, 1999, near Congerville. [69] Prior to the Mount Carroll record, a temperature of −37°F (−38°C) was recorded on January 15, 2009, at Rochelle, but at a weather station not subjected to the same quality control as official records. [70] [71] Schulte, Sarah (April 28, 2021). "2020 census results: Illinois loses population, but not from where you'd think". ABC7 Chicago. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021 . Retrieved May 12, 2021. See also: History of Chicago and History of Nauvoo, Illinois Prior to statehood The bell donated by King Louis XV in 1741 to the French mission at Kaskaskia. It was later called the "Liberty Bell of the West", after it was rung to celebrate U.S. victory in the RevolutionThe Longest Running Title Droughts in Sports". Bleacher Report. June 10, 2010. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011 . Retrieved February 7, 2011. During the American Civil War, Illinois ranked fourth in soldiers who served (more than 250,000) in the Union Army, a figure surpassed by only New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Beginning with President Abraham Lincoln's first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Illinois mustered 150 infantry regiments, which were numbered from the 7th to the 156th regiments. Seventeen cavalry regiments were also gathered, as well as two light artillery regiments. [44] The town of Cairo, at the southern tip of the state at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, served as a strategically important supply base and training center for the Union army. For several months, both General Grant and Admiral Foote had headquarters in Cairo. Hallwas, John E., ed. (1986). Illinois literature: the nineteenth century. Macomb: Illinois Heritage Press. OCLC 14228886.